This study was part of the Finger-Length in Psychiatry (FLIP) project of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University Hospital in Erlangen. We conducted an exploratory data analysis to investigate possible relationships between 2D:4D and academic success as measured by the number of publications as first or last-author and achievement in the academic degree “Habilitation”. We opine that scientific work and completion of a “Habilitation” is not only driven by strive for status, but instead also is a long-term effort and that successful academics have to be also “team players” and have to show the ability to address setbacks (see discussion). To achieve a “Habilitation,” academics must demonstrate achievements in academic teaching and research the latter is measured–at minimum–by the number and impact factor of publications in peer-reviewed journals.Ĭonsidering the partially contradictory results in the studies mentioned above, we hypothesized that 2D:4D is related to academic success as assessed by the completion of more publications as first or last author and a “Habilitation”.
#2d 4d ratio full#
The “Habilitation”, often translated into “postdoctorate degree”, is a scholarly convention of many European university systems it is a required formal qualification to teach at the university level and also, in most cases, a prerequisite for receiving a full professorship at a university. In the medical field, the first and last author positions are the most important and indicate a high level of involvement and effort. We used two measures of academic success: Number of publications as first or last author and the achievement of a “Habilitation”. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between 2D:4D and career performance among university graduates at a medical faculty. for academic and mathematics performance, targeting reaction time in adults and children as well as altruism. However, some studies report a curvilinear relationship (e.g., ), which has been found e.g. It has been hypothesized that persons with low 2D:4D have a higher need for achievement and therefore seek out, in both their hobbies and jobs, specific domains where they have the abilities required to excel. A low 2D:4D is typically associated with outcomes that mark status (e.g., success in sports, reproduction) or with traits that either lead to, maintain, or reflect high status (e.g., dominance). Several studies have reported a linear relationship between 2D:4D and the traits investigated (e.g., ). We found a lower 2D:4D ratio among alcohol-dependent patients, young males with video game addiction and male suicide victims. in meta-analyses for athletic prowess, autism spectrum disorder and sexual orientation in women. Previous associations of 2D:4D with variables of interest have been shown e.g. Additionally, prenatal androgen exposure has an organizing effect on the structure and function of the brain. The 2D:4D ratio among men is usually smaller than among women. However, 2D:4D may be determined not only by prenatal testosterone, but also additional factors, such as prenatal corticosterone and genetic factors. High prenatal androgen exposure results in a shorter second digit (2D) relative to the fourth digit (4D) in the adult human hand. Prenatal sex steroids have an influence on digit development.
The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Interested researchers may request data access by contacting Funding for this study was provided by intramural grants from the University Hospital of the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The underlying dataset cannot be made public due to concerns regarding subject anonymity, due to the number of indirect identifies in combination with biometric data that could potentially allow for individual identification. Received: JanuAccepted: JanuPublished: February 25, 2019Ĭopyright: © 2019 Tektas et al. PLoS ONE 14(2):Įditor: Martin Voracek, University of Vienna, AUSTRIA (2019) Digit ratio (2D:4D) and academic success as measured by achievement in the academic degree “Habilitation”. Citation: Tektas OY, Kapsner L, Lemmer M, Bouna-Pyrrou P, Lewczuk P, Lenz B, et al.
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